La empresa Nordex ya lleva instalados desde 1985 un total de 3.857 aerogeneradores, con una potencia de 5.192 MW. Nordex es la décima empresa mundial de producción de aerogeneradores, con el 4% del mercado.
El grupo Akuo Energy, dedicado desarrollar e invertir en la generación de energías renovables en Europa, así como en América del Norte y América del Sur, ha anunciado que planea construir el mayor parque eólico de Turquía. El parque tendrá una potencia estimada de 150 megavatios y será el más grande de ese país.
Otra empresa, Perfect Wind Enerji, ha recibido la licencia de producción del Ente regulador de la energía de Turquia para comenzar las obras de un parque eólico en la provincia de Kirseir. El parque supondrá una inversión de 308 millones de dólares y forma parte de la iniciativa del grupo Akuo para invertir 2.200 millones de dólares en Turquía en energía eólica.
La empresa estadounidense General Electric está instalando otros 52 aerogeneradores, cada uno de 2,5 megavatios. Los aerogeneradores los fabrica General Electric en Salzbergen, Alemania, y en Noblejas, España. Estos aerogeneradores de GE pertenecen a la serie 2.5xl, turbinas con un rotor más grande que les permite captar más energía. Otros de los beneficios es que utilizan un generador magnético permanente que mejora la eficiencia con vientos de baja velocidad, lo que resulta en un incremento de la energía generada.
Turquía cuenta con el potencial de energía eólica más elevado de los países mediterráneos, según se desprende de un estudio publicado por el Instituto de Investigación de la Electricidad (EIEI), que precisa que si se realizan las inversiones necesarias Turquía podría llegar a producir hasta 48.000 megavatios de energía a través de sistemas eólicos.
El potencial energético de los parques eólicos representa una excelente oportunidad para Turquía que, debido a las deficiencias de su suministro eléctrico y al incremento del consumo, podría tener que enfrentarse a interrupciones en el suministro. Por ello, la inversión en materia energética resulta vital para Turquía, como ya han indicado diversas instituciones, entre ellas el Banco Mundial.
El informe del EIEI mide el potencial de producción de energía eólica si se instalaran molinos a diferentes alturas, como 30, 50, 70 y 100 metros de altitud, tanto en el territorio peninsular como en las islas turcas.
Turquía quiere llegar a tener 20.000 MW eólicos para 2020, cantidad que atendería casi la mitad de las necesidades actuales de electricidad del país. Según el Banco Mundial, si se explotara plenamente la capacidad de generación eólica, la producción podría ser cercana a los 160 teravatios-hora (TWh) al año, el doble de su consumo actual.
Las empresas eólicas que trabajan en Turquía son Enercon, Vestas, G.E. Energy, Nordex y Suzlon. No hay ninguna española, aunque la filial de GE Energy ha suministrado componentes.
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Nordex expands Turkish work with Bergama wind farm
Wind turbine manufacturer Nordex AG is extending its position in the Turkish market. Following its establishment of an Istanbul-based company in April, Nordex has gained a firmly financed contract for a total volume of 90 MW.
Starting in winter 2009, Nordex will be constructing the Bergama wind farm for power station operator Bilgin Enerji. Comprising 36 N90/2500 wind turbines, Bergama will be the largest Nordex wind farm in Turkey and one of the largest in the country.
The Turkish company will be calling down the turbines under the terms of a master contract signed with Nordex in spring 2008, providing for a total volume of 210 MW. It has additionally booked a premium service package.
The Bergama wind farm will be located in west Turkey, close to the city of the same name. The 36 wind turbines are being installed at heights of up to 650 meters (2,132 feet), where high wind speeds averaging around nine m/s (19.7 ft/s) prevail. With a projected annual energy yield of around 300 GWh, the wind farm has the potential to supply 150,000 Turkish households with electricity, thus avoiding CO2 emissions of around 300,000 tons.
Bergama is the second project between Bilgin and Nordex. The Mazi III wind farm, comprising nine N90/2500 turbines, is currently being constructed on the Çesme peninsula.
Nordex is planning to feed up to 200 MW of new power into Turkey’s national grid by the end of 2009.
"The establishment of a local company marked an important strategic step in our efforts to position ourselves in the emerging Turkish market. In this way, we can execute local projects more quickly and efficiently," said Carsten Pedersen, COO of Sales and Marketing at Nordex.
Wind energy in Turkey
Turkey’s economy, which is growing at around 8% per year, is hungry for energy. At the moment, with around 42 GW of total installed power generation capacity, the country gets one third of its electricity from hydroelectric generation, one third from natural gas and one quarter from coal. The rest is made up of liquefied petroleum gas, wind energy and other sources. Power demand has been growing by about 9% each year, and power shortages are already widespread.
Turkey has very limited oil and gas reserves and is therefore looking at renewable energy as a means to improve its energy security and curb dependence on imported gas from Russia and Iran.
In addition, fuelled by preparations for joining the European Union and the recent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol as an Annex I country, policy makers increasingly recognize the potential role of wind power as part of the country’s future energy mix.
A Wind Atlas of Turkey by the Turkish Energy Market Regulatory Agency (EMRA) in May 2002 indicates that the regions with the highest potential for wind speeds at heights of 50 m are the Aegean, Marmara, and Eastern Mediterranean Regions of Turkey, as well as some mountainous regions of central Anatolia.
Recent years have seen the start of a wind energy boom in Turkey. Following a call for tender at the end of 2007, a record number of 751 projects were received by EMRA in one day, totaling 78 GW. Since then, EMRA has issued about 5,000 MW worth of licenses for wind energy generation.
In 2008, 286 MW of new wind energy capacity were added in Turkey, bringing the total up to 433 MW. A further 402 MW are under construction and 668 MW have secured supply contracts for wind turbines. The remaining projects are still securing turbines and awaiting planning permission.
However, experts caution that Turkey’s transmission infrastructure needs substantial upgrades in order to allow such large scale developments to be connected to the power grid.
Turkey’s installed wind capacity tripled during 2007 from 50 MW to almost 150 MW and again in 2008 to 433 MW. Over recent years, wind farm size has been increasing and numerous projects of over 100 MW have been approved.
There are currently over 1,000 MW of projects that have the green light to begin building. The country has excellent wind sites in the west and south, as well as to the east of Ankara, with wind speeds above 8.5 metres/second.
In May 2005, Turkey adopted a renewable energy law, which allowed the country to begin tapping its huge potential. The text created the framework for the development of renewable energy sources in Turkey. It aims to reduce investment risks, providing for guaranteed access to the grid, establishing a feed-in tariff and introducing the security of 10 year power purchase agreements linked to a fixed price.
The law is also intended to help Turkey to meet its increasing electricity consumption (around 8-8.5% per year). As a direct result, in one single day applications were made for more than 78,000 MW of new capacity; mostly by domestically based companies. This shows the positive impact the law has had.
In November 2008, the Turkish government announced investment plans to promote wind energy and allow the development of up to 20,000 MW of wind by 2020. The system operators, therefore, are working on plans to allow the network to absorb that amount of power into the grid.
POPULATION: 70.6 million
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY BALANCE (2005): fossil fuels 74%, hydro 25%, other renewables <1%
CURRENT INSTALLED WIND CAPACITY: 433 MW (end 08), 146 MW (end 2007), 50 MW (end 2006)
NATIONAL TARGET: 1,050 MW by 2011/12
MAIN LEGISLATION: 2005 renewable energy law
FEED-IN TARIFF: 5 euro cents per kWh.
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATOR: TERNA
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATOR: TEIAS
REGULATOR: EMRA
www.nordex-online.com/en/news-press/news-detail.html
eusolar.ege.edu.tr/turkce/belgeler/sempozyumsunumlar/eroldemirer.pdf
www.akuoenergy.com/download/PWE_3%20E%20Electrotech%20Magazine%20Interview%20August%202008%20EN.pdf
