España ocupa el séptimo lugar en dependencia energética de la UE-27 con una tasa de dependencia del 81,4%, 4,7 puntos porcentuales más que en el año 2000, según los datos del Eurostat referentes al año 2006. La Europa de los 27 también incrementó su tasa de dependencia siete puntos porcentuales en el mismo periodo, hasta alcanzar una dependencia exterior del 53,8%.
A la cabeza del ranking europeo, con una mayor dependencia de las importaciones energéticas que España se encuentran Chipre (102,5%), Malta (100%) y Luxemburgo (98,9%). Irlanda alcanza una tasa del 90,9%, mientras que Italia registra un 86,8% y Portugal un 83,1%.
Con una balanza energética exterior más equilibrada se encuentran Bélgica que alcanza un 77,9%, Austria (72,9%) y Grecia (71,9%). Letonia, Eslovaquia, Lituania, Hungría y Alemania cuentan con tasas de dependencia energética que se sitúan entre el 66% y el 61%. Finlandia supera levemente el promedio europeo, con un 54,6%.
Entre los países miembros menos dependientes de las importaciones energéticas, según Eurostat, están Francia y Eslovenia, aunque todavía se sitúan por encima del 50%, mientras que la cifra baja a un 46,2% en Bulgaria. Los Países Bajos (38,0%) y Suecia (37,4%) registran tasas inferiores al 40%.
Estonia (33,5%), Rumania (29,1%), la República Checa (28,0%) y Polonia (19,9%) son los países con menor dependencia energética entre los nuevos miembros de la UE, mientras que el Reino Unido (21,3%) y Dinamarca, exportador neto de energía con un -36,8%, son los dos estados miembros mejor posicionados entre los de la antigua UE-15.
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EU27 energy dependence rate at 54% in 2006
Energy consumption stable
In the EU27, gross inland energy consumption was 1.825 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) in 2006, stable compared with 2005, while energy production decreased by 2.3% to 871 mn toe. As a result, net imports increased by 2.4% in 2006 and the energy dependence rate rose to 54% from 53% in 2005.
Between 1997 and 2006, EU27 energy production fell by 9%, consumption rose by 7% and net imports rose by 29%. In 1997 the energy dependence rate stood at 45%. These figures are published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
Energy dependency more than 90% in Cyprus, Malta, Luxembourg and Ireland
The highest increase in energy consumption between 2005 and 2006 was recorded in Finland (+9.1%), and the largest decrease in Malta (-6.4%). For the five largest energy consumers, which together accounted for nearly two thirds of total consumption in the EU27, the change in consumption was +0.5% in Germany, -1.2% in France, -1.6% in the United Kingdom, -0.6% in Italy and -0.5% in Spain.
In 2006, the highest energy dependence rates were found in Cyprus (102%4), Malta (100%), Luxembourg (99%) and Ireland (91%). The Member States the least dependent on energy imports were Poland (20%), the United Kingdom (20%), the Czech Republic (28%) and Romania (29%). Denmark is a net exporter of energy and therefore has a negative energy dependence rate (-37%).
In 2006, EU27 net imports of energy rose by 2.4% to 1 010 mn toe. Energy imports were dominated by oil and gas, accounting for around 60% and 26% respectively of the EU27’s net imports. The most important extra-EU27 suppliers of crude oil and natural gas were Russia (33% of oil imports and 40% of gas imports in 2006) and Norway (16% and 23% respectively).
Nuclear power and solid fuels made up half of EU27 energy production
In 2006, EU27 energy production decreased by 2.3%. The four main energy producers in the EU27 were the United Kingdom (184 mn toe, -9.2% compared with 2005), Germany (137 mn toe, +0.9%), France (136 mn toe, +0.1%) and Poland (77 mn toe, -1.1%), which together accounted for more than 60% of total production in the EU27. The largest decrease in energy production between 2005 and 2006 was registered in Lithuania (-11.9%), while the largest increase was recorded in Portugal (+20.7%).
EU27 energy production in 2006 came from nuclear power (29% of total production), solid fuels (22%), gas (20%), renewables5 (15%) and crude oil (14%).
www.energywatchgroup.org/fileadmin/global/pdf/2009-01_Wind_Power_Report.pdf
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